Heart and it's function | quick revision for NEET

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 - Heart Structure:

  - Four-chambered organ located in the chest cavity.

  - Made of cardiac muscle tissue.

  - Divided into the right and left sides by septum.

- Heart Chambers:

  - Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

  - Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

  - Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.

  - Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

- Heart Valves:

  - Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle.

  - Pulmonary Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

  - Mitral Valve (Bicuspid): Between left atrium and left ventricle.

  - Aortic Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta.

- Heart Circulation:

  - Systemic Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood pumped from left ventricle to body tissues via arteries, returns as deoxygenated blood through veins to right atrium.

  - Pulmonary Circulation: Deoxygenated blood pumped from right ventricle to lungs via pulmonary arteries, returns as oxygenated blood through pulmonary veins to left atrium.

- Heart Functions:

  - Pumping Action: Contracts rhythmically to circulate blood throughout the body.

  - Oxygenation: Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body, pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation, and receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, pumping it to the body.

  - Regulation: Maintains blood pressure and circulation by adjusting heart rate and contractility.

  - Endocrine Function: Produces hormones such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to regulate blood volume and pressure.

- Heartbeat Regulation:

  - Controlled by electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's natural pacemaker.

  - Impulses travel through the atria, causing them to contract, then to the atrioventricular (AV) node, and finally to the ventricles, causing them to contract.

  - Autonomic nervous system, hormones, and other factors influence heart rate and rhythm.

- Heart Health:

  - Regular exercise, balanced diet, and lifestyle choices are crucial for heart health.

  - Conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and valve disorders can impact heart function.

  - Medical interventions like medications, surgeries, and lifestyle changes are used to manage heart conditions and maintain cardiovascular health.